What Are Calluses and Corns?

Calluses and corns are areas of hard, thickened skin that form as a natural defense against friction and pressure. Calluses typically occur on the soles of the feet, while corns are smaller, deeper, and often occur on or between the toes. They are typically indications of an underlying mechanical problem that we diagnose and treat at our Foot Centers of Maryland locations, including the Mercy Office.

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Causes of Calluses and Corns

The primary cause is repeated pressure or friction, often exacerbated by underlying foot structure:

  • Improper Footwear: Shoes that are too tight, too loose, or high-heeled can cause rubbing or excessive pressure on specific points, a common issue we address at the Reisterstown Office.
  • Bony Prominences: Structural issues like bunions, hammertoes, or bone spurs create areas where skin is compressed against bone.
  • Abnormal Gait: Walking patterns that place undue weight or stress on certain parts of the foot.
  • Lack of Padding: As we age, the natural fat padding on the soles of the feet thins out, increasing bone-to-skin pressure.

Symptoms of Calluses and Corns

While often just a cosmetic issue, they can become painful and restrictive:

  • Hardened Skin: Areas of tough, rough skin, often yellow or gray in color.
  • Pain or Tenderness: Calluses can feel like a burning sensation; corns can be sharp and painful, particularly when pressed.
  • Central Core: Corns often have a distinct, dense, translucent center that is sensitive to pressure.

Professional Treatment and Prevention

It is especially important for patients with diabetes or poor circulation to never attempt at-home removal with sharp objects.

  • Safe Debridement: Our podiatrists at the Overlea Office perform sterile, pain-free trimming (debridement) to reduce the thickness of the callus or corn, providing immediate pressure relief.
  • Padding and Off-loading: Using specialized pads, non-medicated rings, or moleskin to cushion the area and relieve friction.
  • Custom Orthotics: Prescription insoles are designed to address the root cause by redistributing pressure and correcting the underlying mechanical problem.
  • Surgical Correction: For corns caused by severe bone deformities like hammertoes, surgical correction may be recommended at our Glen Burnie Office.